Implantation of the Human Embryo
نویسنده
چکیده
Implantation is the final frontier to embryogenesis and successful pregnancy. Over the past three decades, there have been tremendous advances in the understanding of human embryo development. Since the advent of In Vitro Fertilization, the embryo has been readily available to study outside the body. Indeed, the study has led to much advancement in embryonic stem cell derivation. Unfortunately, it is not so easy to evaluate the steps of implantation since the uterus cannot be accessed by most research tools. This has limited our understanding of early implantation. Both the physiological and pathological mechanisms of implantation occur largely unseen. The heterogeneity of these processes between species also limits our ability to develop appropriate animal models to study. In humans, there is a precise coordinated timeline in which pregnancy can occur in the uterus, the so called “window of implantation”. However, in many cases implantation does not occur despite optimal timing and embryo quality. It is very frustrating to both a patient and her clinician to transfer a beautiful embryo into a prepared uterus only to have it fail to implant. This chapter will review the mechanisms of human embryo implantation and discuss some reasons why it fails to occur.
منابع مشابه
I-34: Interactorme of Human Embryo Implan Implantation:Pathways,Networks
Background: A prerequisite for successful embryo implantation is adequate preparation of receptive endometrium and the establishment and maintenance of a viable embryo. The success of implantation further relies upon a two-way dialogue between the embryo and uterus. However, molecular bases of these preimplantation and implantation processes in humans are not well known. Materials and Methods: ...
متن کاملUltrastructural Modifications of Human Endometrium during the Window of Implantation
The endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue empowered with the capacity to undergo cyclic dramatic changes in response to ovarian steroid hormones, ultimately aiming to create a window of receptivity for blastocyst implantation. Intensive research has been performed to understand and establish morphological and molecular correlates of embryo implantation. However, it still remains a biological m...
متن کاملI-40: Implantation Failure
Background: The process of implantation involves the interaction of the human embryo and the uterine epithelium. Failure of implantation is a major reason for infertility in women and the inability to achieve endometrial receptivity is responsible for much of the failure of reproductive technologies. Management of repeated implantation failure despite transfer of good-quality embryos still rema...
متن کاملO-32: Effects of Intrauterine Injection of Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin before Embryo Transfer on Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine injection of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) before embryo transfer (ET). Materials and Methods: In this randomized placebocontrolled clinical trial, a total number of 182 infertile patients undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) were randomly assigned to receive 250 μg i...
متن کاملEffect of Adding Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to The Endometrial Preparation Protocol in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles
متن کامل
Localization and Activity of Mouse Endometrial Alkaline Phosphatase after Hyperstimulation and Progesterone Injection at the Implantation Time
The activity of mouse endometrial alkaline phosphatase after hyperstimulation and progesterone injection at the implantation time Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of endometrium may play a critical function in the development and implantation of embryo. The aim of this study was to determine the localization of endometrial ALP activity after hyperstimulation and progesterone injection. Thirty adult f...
متن کامل